Marin Cilic slumped out of the Barcelona Open with a straight-sets defeat to world number 53 Victor Estrella Burgos.
Fourth seed and US Open champion Cilic slipped up 6-4, 6-4 to the 34-year-old from the Dominican Republic, in just his third tournament of the season after shoulder trouble.
"I was not too happy with the way I played," said Cilic. "I made a lot of unforced errors.
"I feel I still need several matches to get my form to a good stage.
"I feel more angry with myself, rather than disappointed."
Second seed Rafael Nadal cruised past Nicolas Almagro 6-3, 6-1, making amends for losing to his fellow Spaniard in last year's quarter-final.
David Ferrer moved past compatriot Albert Montanes 6-2, 6-3, while Sweden's Elias Ymer upset Wimbledon quarter-finalist Nick Kyrgios 2-6, 7-5, 7-6 (8/6).
Fabio Fognini saw off Andrey Rublev 3-6, 6-4, 6-1, to set up a third-round meeting with Nadal.
Source: PA